Viscosity and fluid dymanics

Fluid dynamics

An air bubble rising in a tube of Prell shampoo is reported to demonstrate Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

Vortex formation

A drop of inky water is allowed to form on a medicine dropper 1" above a beaker of water a vortex will apparently form in the water. This drop height is said to be critical. The vortex may rebound if the beaker is less than 4" deep.

Use a small paddle to form vortices in a small dish on the overhead projector. Film the screen.

Non Newtonian fluids

A bed of silica powder (fine sand) acts like a fluid when air is forced through it.

A high molarity corn starch solutions in water is thixotropic (like silly putty and 'chemical slime').

A recent version of silly putty breaks when stressd quickly and flows. If the material were warmed it could possibly be used for viscosity and drag studies.

A ping pong ball in the middle of a beaker of beans will rise when the beaker is shaken. The size of an aluminum ball determines whether it goes up or down in a shaking bowl of beans.

If a super soaker fires ketchup across a room, it apparently blobs on the opposite wall.

Adapted from lists at ...

http://www.wfu.edu/physics/pira/ResourceCD/DCS/FluidsDCS.htm


Non Newtonian fluid classifications

Based on flow behavior, fluids are normally divided into different groups.

Newtonian fluids - for which viscosity is dependent only on temperature
Examples: Water, milk, sugar solution, mineral oil

Non-Newtonian fluids (time independent) - for which viscosity is dependent not only on temperature but also on shear rate. Depending on how viscosity changes with shear rate, the flow behavior is characterized as:

1 Shear thinning, whose viscosity decreases with increased shear rate.

Examples: Paint, shampoo, fruit juice concentrates, molten plastic

2 Shear thickening, for which viscosity increases with increased shear rate

Examples: wet sand and concentrated starch suspensions

3 Plastic, which exhibits a so-called yield value, i.e. a certain shear stress must be applied before flow occurs.

Examples: toothpaste, hand cream, grease

Non-Newtonian fluids (time dependent) - for which viscosity is dependent on temperature, shear rate and time. Depending on how viscosity changes with time the flow behavior is characterized as:

1 Time thinning - viscosity decreases with time.

Examples: yogurt, paint.

2 Time thickening - viscosity increases with time.

Example: gypsum paste, (also known as Plaster of Paris.)

Lists adapted from ...

http://feh.eng.ohio-state.edu/Labs/Viscosity.doc