Random errors

Random errors are differences between measurements of the same thing taken at different times or by different people.

 
 

To reduce the effect of random errors average results. Express the likely error as half the range (for five or less results) or one standard deviation (for ten or more values).

Express the answer as ....

Average value ± half the range...

... or, for ~10 or more readings...

... average value ± one standard deviation [SD].

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