Kirchhoff's rules

There are just two rules:

1 The sum of the current at any junction is zero.
2 The sum of the voltages in any loop is zero.

Kirchhoff's rules apply to any electric circuit, DC or AC, no matter how complex.

The rules are applied systematically as follows.

a Label currents ... I1 ... I2 ... etc so that the junction rule is satisfied.

b Mark starting points and loop directions.

c Write down voltage equations for each loop, remembering that V=IR and that the leading end of a resistor is positive.

d Solve the set of linear simultaneous equations for the unknown currents (by conventional or matrix methods). Initial current directions are selected at random. If a current is in the opposite direction the solution will be negative.

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