The Hall Voltage (VH)

Electrons are flowing in the copper block as shown. A vertical magnetic field penetrates the copper. Electrons are deflected, creating an electric field across the conductor. At equilibrium, the magnetic force on an electron, Bev, is balanced by the electric force eE. The Hall voltage, VH, is measured across the block. Hall voltages are very small (~mV) for metals but x1000 for semiconductors that have higher charge carrier velocities.

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