Oblique incidence |
If the surface is smooth (no friction) and no energy is lost as heat, the impulse is vertical, and the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. ![]() If friction is present impulse has a horizontal component. ![]() The ball rotates after impact and the rebound angle is less than the angle of incidence; a function of the coefficient of friction, the energy loss, and the moment of inertia of the ball. |