Binoculars

Galilean binoculars (c.1850). These were British army issue. They have only four lenses and the objectives are maximum size for average eye spacing. No image erection is required.

Modern binoculars. Image erection with right angled prisms, bigger field of view; more magnification. The barrels are more widely separated. The bigger objective lenses and coated optics collect more light.

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