Sample Abstracts
1. An example of a rough draft of an abstract. How can it be improved?
 |
2. A polished abstract example based on the rough draft shown in the example 1. Notice the changes.
 |
3. Another abstract example. Can you see any problems with this example?
Water Oscillation in an Open TubeDoh Hoon Chung Abstract When an open tube is placed in a tank of water, covered on top, raised, and then uncovered, the water inside the tube will oscillate. The characteristics of the oscillation of the water inside the tube were studied. It was shown that, for large oscillations, the top half-period was longer than the bottom half-period due to the increased mass of the water column. For small oscillations, it approached simple harmonic motion, with the square of the period varying with mean length, as predicted by theory. An end correction was also shown to exist, due to the motion of the water outside the bottom of the tube during the oscillation. The end correction was shown to be independent of the mean length of the water column, as predicted.
|
4. Here is an abstract for research into Fluorine content in chocolate.
Fluorine content of several brands of chocolate bars and chocolate cookies found in Brazil. Chocolate bars and chocolate cookies are foods highly appreciated by children. The possibility of having fluorine (F) in them, especially if children eat too many, may make them contributors to the total daily F intake. Thus, they could increase the risk of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the fluorine concentration [F] of the chocolate bars (CB) Kinder Ovo, M&M’s, and Milkybar; and of the chocolate cookies (CC) Danyt’s, Pokémon, and Trakinas. Samples were purchased in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Three grams of each product were burned at 525°C (CB and cookies fillings) and at 550°C (cookies dough), during 4 hours. Fluorine was separated from the ash by facilitated diffusion. Fluorine analysis was carried out with a Fluoride specific electrode. The amounts of fluoride found (in mg of Fluorine/g product) were: CB = 0.07 - 1.60 and CC = 0.04 - 7.10. It was concluded that some of the analyzed foods may be important contributors to the total daily F intake. As for the product that had the highest [F], when only 3 cookies are consumed just once a day, they may supply up to 40% of the maximum recommended daily F intake for a 2-year-old child. The [F] in these products should be informed on their labels. Modified from original journal article from Pesqui. Odontol. Bras., July/Sept. 2003, vol.17, no.3, p.223-227. ISSN 1517-7491.
|
5. This is an abstract for a paper studying effects found during manufacturing aluminium.
ABSTRACT Laboratory experiments were performed to study the behaviour of so-called metal fog formed at the cathode during deposition of aluminium from cryolite-alumina melts and molten cryolite-sodium chloride. Double potential step chronoamperometry was used to detect fog formed during electrodeposition of aluminium. The effects of dissolved iron species, current density and the presence of aluminium and CO2 on the fog formation were studied.
|